Journal: Foods

Article Title: Lipid-Lowering Effects of Alpha-Mangostin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Hyperlipidemic Animal Models

doi: 10.3390/foods14111880

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemical structure of alpha-mangostin (AM).

Article Snippet: Jariyapongskul et al. [ ] , 2015 , Thailand , Purified alpha-mangostin (>95%) , Oral , 8 weeks , Sprague-Dawley rats , Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 diabeted mellitus , (7/7) , 200 mg/kg/day , TC, TG.

Techniques:

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Lipid-Lowering Effects of Alpha-Mangostin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Hyperlipidemic Animal Models

doi: 10.3390/foods14111880

Figure Lengend Snippet: Risk-of-bias assessment using the RoB 2 tool for the included preclinical studies evaluating the lipid-lowering effects of alpha-mangostin: ( A ) Dot plot displaying the risk−of−bias judgments for each study across five domains: D1 = Randomization process, D2 = Deviations from intended interventions, D3 = Missing outcome data, D4 = Measurement of the outcome, and D5 = Selection of the reported result. ( B ) Bar chart summarizing the overall proportion of studies rated as low risk (green), some concerns (yellow), or high risk (red) in each domain. Most studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias, with minor concerns observed in the selection of reported results [ , , , , , , , , ].

Article Snippet: Jariyapongskul et al. [ ] , 2015 , Thailand , Purified alpha-mangostin (>95%) , Oral , 8 weeks , Sprague-Dawley rats , Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 diabeted mellitus , (7/7) , 200 mg/kg/day , TC, TG.

Techniques: Selection

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Lipid-Lowering Effects of Alpha-Mangostin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Hyperlipidemic Animal Models

doi: 10.3390/foods14111880

Figure Lengend Snippet: Forest plots showing the effects of alpha-mangostin (AM) on triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels at different doses: ( A ) TG, AM <50 mg/kg/day. ( B ) TG, AM ≥50 mg/kg/day. ( C ) TC, AM <50 mg/kg/day. ( D ) TC, AM ≥50 mg/kg/day. The x-axis represents the mean difference in TG and TC (mg/dL) between the treatment and control groups. Each horizontal line indicates the 95% confidence interval (CI) for an individual study, with the square representing the effect size and its size proportional to the study’s weight. The diamond at the bottom of each plot represents the pooled effect estimate and its CI, calculated using the random-effects DerSimonian–Laird model [ , , , , , , , , ]. SD: standard deviation of the differences.

Article Snippet: Jariyapongskul et al. [ ] , 2015 , Thailand , Purified alpha-mangostin (>95%) , Oral , 8 weeks , Sprague-Dawley rats , Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 diabeted mellitus , (7/7) , 200 mg/kg/day , TC, TG.

Techniques: Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Lipid-Lowering Effects of Alpha-Mangostin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Hyperlipidemic Animal Models

doi: 10.3390/foods14111880

Figure Lengend Snippet: Forest plots showing the effect of alpha-mangostin (AM) on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels at different doses: ( A ) LDL-C, AM < 50 mg/kg/day. ( B ) LDL-C, AM ≥ 50 mg/kg/day. ( C ) HDL-C, AM < 50 mg/kg/day. ( D ) HDL-C, AM ≥ 50 mg/kg/day. The x-axis represents the mean difference in LDL-C and HDL-C (mg/dL) between the treatment and control groups. Each horizontal line indicates the 95% confidence interval (CI) for an individual study, with the square representing the effect size, sized proportionally to the study’s weight. The diamond at the bottom of each plot represents the pooled effect estimate and its CI, calculated using the random-effects DerSimonian–Laird model [ , , , ].

Article Snippet: Jariyapongskul et al. [ ] , 2015 , Thailand , Purified alpha-mangostin (>95%) , Oral , 8 weeks , Sprague-Dawley rats , Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 diabeted mellitus , (7/7) , 200 mg/kg/day , TC, TG.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Lipid-Lowering Effects of Alpha-Mangostin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Hyperlipidemic Animal Models

doi: 10.3390/foods14111880

Figure Lengend Snippet: Subgroup analysis of the effect of alpha-mangostin (AM) on triglyceride (TG) levels stratified by species: ( A ) AM < 50 mg/kg/day: subgrouped by species (C57BL/6 mice, C57BL/KsJ diabetic (db/db) mice, and Wistar rats); ( B ) AM ≥ 50 mg/kg/day: subgrouped by species (C57BL/6 mice, Sprague-Dawley rats, and Wistar rats). Each subgroup presents the mean difference in TG levels (mg/dL) between the AM-treated and control groups with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Squares indicate study effect sizes with size proportional to weight; horizontal lines show 95% CIs; diamonds represent pooled effect sizes with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity statistics ( I 2 and H 2 ) were not reported for subgroups that included only a single study, as these measures required a minimum of two studies to assess variability between results. The analysis was conducted using a random-effects model [ , , , , , , , ].

Article Snippet: Jariyapongskul et al. [ ] , 2015 , Thailand , Purified alpha-mangostin (>95%) , Oral , 8 weeks , Sprague-Dawley rats , Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 diabeted mellitus , (7/7) , 200 mg/kg/day , TC, TG.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Lipid-Lowering Effects of Alpha-Mangostin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Hyperlipidemic Animal Models

doi: 10.3390/foods14111880

Figure Lengend Snippet: Subgroup analysis of the effect of alpha-mangostin (AM) on triglyceride (TG) levels by country: ( A ) AM < 50 mg/kg/day: studies conducted in China, South Korea, and Iran. ( B ) AM ≥ 50 mg/kg/day: studies conducted in China, Indonesia, South Korea, and Thailand. Each subgroup presents the mean difference in TG levels (mg/dL) between AM-treated and control groups with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Squares indicate study effect sizes with size proportional to weight; horizontal lines show 95% CIs; diamonds represent pooled effect sizes with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity statistics ( I 2 and H 2 ) were not reported for subgroups that included only a single study, as these measures required a minimum of two studies to assess variability between results. Analysis was performed using a random-effects model to account for between-study heterogeneity [ , , , , , , , , ].

Article Snippet: Jariyapongskul et al. [ ] , 2015 , Thailand , Purified alpha-mangostin (>95%) , Oral , 8 weeks , Sprague-Dawley rats , Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 diabeted mellitus , (7/7) , 200 mg/kg/day , TC, TG.

Techniques: Control

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Screening novel antiviral compounds to treat Clostridioides difficile infections

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309624

Figure Lengend Snippet: Compounds with a greater than 80% inhibition of bacterial growth were identified as hits (highlighted in green), while hits below 80% inhibition were excluded due to lack of activity (in gray). 24 total hits were identified with 9 novel hits and 15 excluded hits. The 9 novel hits are: rottlerin, dryocrassin ABBA, α-mangostin, obefazimod, baloxavir, 4’-O-methylbavachalcone, TMC647055 (choline salt), brefeldin A, and maslinic acid. The 15 excluded hits can be found in S1 Table in .

Article Snippet: After an initial screening and confirmation, the active hits were purchased commercially as follows: rottlerin and dryocrassin ABBA (MedChemExpress; Monmouth Junction, NJ), α -mangostin (TargetMol Chemicals; Wellesley Hills, MA), and obefazimod (Ambeed; Arlington, IL).

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay